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Accredited Registrar - A domain name registrar accredited by ICANN and allowed to use the SRS (Shared Registry System) to directly register domain names. Non-accredited registrars must register domain names through an accredited registrar.

Administrative Contact - The individual responsible for maintenance of a domain name. This individual is authorized to interact with the registrar on behalf of the domain name registrant. Usually the Administrative Contact is the registrant.

Address Bar - The long, thin box near the top of a web browser window which contains the Web address of the Web page currently being viewed.

Alias - One of several alternative hostnames with the same IP address.

Appraisal - An evaluation of the potential market value of a domain name.

A Record - Address Record; by adding an A Record line to a DNS listing, you are adding an address for a domain that resolves to more than one network interface. A Records are entered as an IP address (111.22.333.45) and have their own line in the DNS entry.

Authoritative - A name server is considered authoritative for a domain name when it has the best source of information that can be found inside a given zone. Authoritative servers usually include a SOA (Start of Authority) record in their zone file for a domain name. For instance, if a zone file says: "@ IN SOA dns1.namesecure.com", this means that dns1.namesecure.com is considered authoritative for the domain. Only one SOA record can be contained in a zone file.

Billing Contact - The individual responsible for a domain name's registration fees.

Browser (see Web Browser)

C

Cable Modem - A device that uses a cable TV signal to connect a computer to the Internet. Cable modems offer download speeds of up to 56Mbps and upload speeds of up to 10Mbps.

Cache - A section of a computer's memory which retains recently accessed data in order to speed up repeated access to the same data. Your computer and browser use cache memory to load Web pages more quickly. Your ISP also uses a cache for this purpose. If you ask your computer to view a page, and it finds the page in the cache, it will read the cached page instead of the page from the Internet, unless you reload the page.

Central Domain Name Database (see Registry)

Change DNS Information - To make a new set of name servers responsible for resolving a domain name.

Change Registrar - To make a new registrar responsible for maintaining your ownership of a domain name.

CNAME (Canonical Name) - A CNAME record maps an address to its canonical name. The name server handles CNAME records in a different manner than aliases are handled in the host table. When a name server looks up a name and finds a CNAME record, it replaces the name with the canonical name and looks up the new name.

Contact (see Administrative Contact, Billing Contact, Technical Contact, or Zone Contact)

Cookie - A unique identifier sent to a user's computer during a visit to a Web site. Cookies can be used to remember information such as user names and passwords (so a users don't have to enter them every time they visit a site) or to track future visits to a Web site.

Country Code - A top-level domain name that corresponds to a particular geographical area. Country code domain names are alternatives to ".com," ".net," or ".org" domain names. Examples of Country codes are ".it" for Italy and ".cn" for China. The registrar in charge of registering the different country codes varies.

Database File - The file from which a primary master name server loads zone data. See also zone file.

db File - (see Database File)

Deactivation - The process of turning off forwarding services and domain name service for a particular domain name. This is the same thing as putting a domain name "on hold." A domain name that has been deactivated still remains registered and in NameSecure's database.

Delegate - To instruct a server in how to resolve a domain or sub-domain.

Deleted Domain - A previously registered domain name whose registration has been cancelled by the registrar, possibly due to a dispute over ownership or a breach of contract. A dropped domain is available for registration by the public.

Dial-Up Connection - A connection to the Internet via an analog modem over regular phone lines. Analog modems can typically connect at speeds of up to 56Kbps.

DNR (see Domain Name Registration)

DNS - An acronym that can stand for both Domain Name System and Domain Name Service.

DNS Transfer - To point a domain name to a different name server in order to make another company responsible for its hosting and/or forwarding services.

Domain - A group of computers whose hostnames share a common suffix, the domain name. The last component of this is the top-level domain.

Domain Name - A meaningful, easy-to-remember "handle" for addressing computers and information on the Internet. Domain names typically end with a suffix that denotes the type or location of a resource (for instance, ".com" for commercial resources or ".jp" for resources based in Japan).

Domain Name Dispute - A disagreement concerning the ownership of or legal right to a domain name. While domain name disputes are usually handled by ICANN, lawsuits involving domain names are becoming increasingly common in the courts.

Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy - The ICANN policy which dictates how to resolve domain name disputes.

Domain Name Hosting - Maintaining the forwarding of a domain name and ensuring that it resolves.

Domain Name Owner (see Registrant)

Domain Name Record - An entry usually contained within a zone file.

Domain Name Registration - The process of alloting a new, specific domain name to an owner.

Domain Name System (DNS) - The hierarchical referencing system by which easy-to-remember domain name addresses (such as "mycompany.com") are mapped to numeric IP addresses (such as "123.123.4.5") on the Internet. Note that the acronym DNS can stand for both Domain Name System and Domain Name Service.

Domain Name Service (DNS) - The process by which text-based domain name addresses are translated (or resolved) into numeric IP addresses by way of name servers. Many registrars, Web hosts, and ISPs offer domain name service to customers. Note that the acronym DNS can stand for both Domain Name System and Domain Name Service.

Download - To receive information from another computer over a network. The opposite of upload.

Dropped Domain - A previously registered domain name whose registration was allowed to lapse by the original owner (often times because the registration fees were not paid). A dropped domain is available for registration by the public.

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - A relatively new type of high-speed Internet connection that allows high-speed data communications over existing copper telephone lines. The speed of DSL communications ranges from about 128Kbps to over 8Mbps.

Dynamic DNS - A DNS set up to allow users to attach a domain name to a server which uses a dynamic IP Address.

Dynamic IP Address - A variable IP address that is delegated to a computer or server each time it is connected to the Internet. Many ISPs use a dynamic IP address system in order to reduce the number of IP addresses they need to maintain. Each time a computer connects, it will be assigned an available IP address from the ISP's bank of IP addresses and will use that IP address until it disconnects. Use of this system greatly reduces the number of unused IP addresses at any given time, but, because a computer's address continually changes, a dynamic IP address system can cause difficulty in accessing a computer online.

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.EDU - The top-level domain reserved for educational institutions. The institutions must be four-year degree-granting colleges or universities.

E-mail - Electronic mail. Transmitted through the Internet.

E-mail Forwarding - A service that directs e-mail messages sent to one address to another address. E-mail forwarding is analogous to call forwarding for telephones.

E-mail - IMAP (see Internet Message Access Protocol)

E-mail - POP3 (see Post Office Protocol, Version 3)

E-mail - Web-based (see Web-Based Email)

Expired Domain - A domain name whose renewal date has passed, but which has not yet been dropped from the domain name system.

Forwarding - The process of redirecting queries related to a domain name (such as request for a web page or e-mail directed to the name) to the actual locations related to that information.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) A networking standard for transferring files from one computer to another over the Internet. FTP is used to upload files to a Web server.

G

.GOV - The top-level domain reserved for agencies, departments, and branches of the United States Federal Government. Registration of .gov domains is handled by the General Services Administration (GSA).

Hostname - The unique name by which a computer is known on a network, used to identify it when sending and receiving e-mail, Usenet news, or other forms of electronic information interchange such as Web hosting.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - The language used to create Web pages. HTML code consists of formatting instructions called "tags," which are distinguished by their surrounding angle brackets ("<" and ">").

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - The set of networking standards used to exchange information over the World Wide Web. The "http://" at the beginning of every Web address tells a Web browser that a document is a Web page.

HTTPS (or SHTTP) Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol - The set of networking standards for exchanging files in an encrypted format over the World Wide Web. If a web address begins with "https://," it is likely a part of a secure site.

Hyperlink - A graphic or piece of text in a Web page that, when clicked with a mouse, causes another file on the Web to be accessed. The HTML code used to create a hyperlink includes the Web address (URL) of the file to which it points.

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ICANN - Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers. The non-profit organization under U.S. Government contract that manages the domain name system, accredits and oversees domain name registrars, and manages root servers.

ICANN Regulatory Fee - The ICANN Regulatory Fee relates to a mandatory fee that ICANN (Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers) assesses on each domain name.

IMAP (see Internet Message Access Protocol)

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) - A protocol that allows users to access and manipulate e-mail messages on a mail server. IMAP lets you create, delete, and rename mailboxes as well as check for new messages, remove messages, and search through existing messages. IMAP does not specify a particular means of writing or sending mail; this function is handled by a mail transfer protocol such as SMTP.

Internet - A "network of networks" linking millions of computers worldwide for communications purposes. The Internet was originally developed in 1969 for the U.S. military and gradually grew to include educational and research institutions. Today commercial industries, corporations, and residential users all communicate using the Internet. The World Wide Web is a collection of interactive documents accessible via the Internet.

Internet Service Provider (ISP) - A company that enables companies or individuals to connect to the Internet. ISPs often provide e-mail capability, Web hosting, and other services in addition to connectivity. Large ISPs include America Online, Excite@Home, and Earthlink.

InterNIC - Internet Network Information Center. Formerly, the cooperative activity between the U.S. government and Network Solutions that was responsible for registering and maintaining the ".com," ".net," and ".org" top-level domain names. Many of the InterNIC's functions have now been taken over by ICANN.

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address) - The numeric address of a computer on the Internet. An IP address is written as a set of four numbers separated by periods (each number can range from 0 to 255). An example of an IP address is 123.123.4.5.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) - A telecommunications technology that allows for digital voice, video, and data transmission. ISDN replaces the slow and inefficient analog telephone system with a fast digital network that can transmit data at up to 128Kbps.

ISP (see Internet Service Provider)

Local Name Server - A server, usually maintained by an ISP, that retrieves and stores domain information, such as hostnames and addresses. Local name servers cache resolved hostname information, so that the user may access infomration more quickly. This provides a faster retrieval of information, but can sometimes result in a display of old information.

Location Box (see Address Bar)

Mail Server - An Internet-connected computer set up to receive e-mail from another server and distribute it to users, and to send e-mail from those users to another server.

Mail Exchanger - A Internet-connected computer that processes or forwards e-mail messages sent to a domain name.

.MIL - The top-level domain reserved for use by the United States military. This TLD is maintained by the Department of Defense Network Information Center.

Mini-Site (see One-Page Mini-Site)

Modem - Acronym for modulator/de-modulator. A hardware device that allows a computer to transmit and receive information over telephone lines. A modem converts digital data from computers into analog data that can be transmitted over the telephone lines. Traditional modems can carry data at speeds of up to 56Kbps.

MX Record (Mail Exchange Record) - Instructions within a Domain Name System (DNS) record that routes e-mail for a particular domain to the proper mail server.

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